Surveying i list of practical minimum 15 practical should be performed out of the following 1 measurement of distance by ranging and chaining. To survey an open field by chain survey in order to calculate the area of the open field. The following is an example of a simple chain survey, and fig. Because of its ease of use, it is used during reconnaissance survey as a quick.
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art and science of determining the terrestrial or threedimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of. Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil. Reconnaissance survey reconnaissance survey is actually a preliminary step i. Additionally it is necessary to add information which may provide a proper interpretation of the structure of coastal features. Principle of chain surveying, surveying and levelling. The student is recommended to plot this himself to a scale of 1 or 2 chains to 1 inch. Chain used for chain surveying each link at the end is bent into a loop and is connected to adjoiningly by means of three oval rings which offers flexibility to the chain. Procedure for surveying the given open field closed traverse. In general, chains are used to measure length and compass or theodolite are used to measure the direction of traverse lines. If carefully done, it gives quite accurate results. In this survey only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc.
Jun 16, 2015 chain surveying, it is a method of surveying in which no angles are measured but only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. Chain surveying is the simplest method of surveying. A chain is mainly used in chain surveying to measure the distances. Field work of chain survey should be carried out according to the following steps. This activity requires a minimum of four children in the active roles but works with groups of eight to.
Technicians involved in surveying standardize their pace by walking over known distances on level, sloping, and uneven. Principle of chain surveying, surveying and levelling agricultural engineering notes edurev notes for agricultural engineering is made by best teachers who have written some of the best books of agricultural engineering. Chain surveying report surveying measurement scribd. Teacher notes and instructions for chain surveying activity. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. Therefore students are required to write the procedure according to the experiment given to them. For chain surveying, at least two men are required, but frequently three people are employed.
It is used for prolongation of survey lines, finding the difference in elevation and setting out engineering works requiring higher precision, i. Main stations are the end of lines that determine the boundary of the surveying. This procedure varies with the experiment given to students. Browse the worlds largest ebookstore and start reading today on the web, tablet, phone, or ereader. With detailed knowledge of the construction, building and mining industries, our surveyors are able to draw upon a large base of experience to meet specific challenges. Substitute the values of distance d and staff intercept s for different points in the. Chain survey surveying is a very old method of surveying. Aug 03, 2018 the procedure for chain surveying is outlined below. Nor is it a substitute for surveying knowledge, experience or judgment.
Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and. Chain surveying 932003 surveying civil engineering. Procedure of field work chain surveying, surveying and. The length of chain is the distance between the outside of handles.
Chain survey chain survey is the simplest method of surveying. Pdf ce6304 surveying i books, lecture notes, 2marks with. Download link is provided and students can download the anna university ce6304 surveying i syllabus question bank lecture notes syllabus part a 2 marks with answers part b 16 marks question bank with answer, all the materials are listed below for the students to make use of it and score good maximum marks with our study materials. This type of survey can be used to measure large areas with reasonable speed and accuracy.
Generally a chain consists of 100 or 150 links each 300 mm or 200 mm length. Chain surveying method in civil engineering, how to perform. There are two major types of stations in chain surveying. Procedure of chain surveying in chain surveying, the whole area to be surveyed is divided into framework of triangles of suitable sizes. A traverse is a series of connected lines whose lengths and directions are to be measured and the process of surveying to find such measurements is known as traversing. Surveying is an art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation. Made to gather data to produce a topographic map showing the configuration of the terrain and the location of natural and manmade objects. The natural pace of each individual normally varies from 2. The ends of each link are bent into a loop and connected together by means of three oval rings. This is most suitable adapted to small plane areas with very few details. The overall area to be surveyed is divided within framework of triangles of appropriate sizes. The procedure for chain surveying is outlined below. During measurements, it is impossible to set out all the chain lines in a straightforward method because of a variety of obstacles to chaining and ranging in the field. It measures a series of straight lines on the ground with a chain or tape measure and all fixed points relative to the line of traverse either by right angles offsets or tie lines.
A convenient relation between the pace and the foot is 40 paces approximately equal 100 ft. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers. An instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angle accurately is known as a theodolite. This article includes the definition of chain survey along with all detailed information with necessary images about various aspects of chain surveying. The principle of chain surveying is derived from principle of triangulation. The branch of surveying in which direction of survey line are determine by a compass and their length by a chain or tape is called compass surveying.
Chain surveying, it is a method of surveying in which no angles are measured but only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. Chain surveysurveying is a very old method of surveying. In chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as. For less precise works chain is used whereas, for more accurate and precise work other types of surveys are used. April 2004 figure 1 the three main types of levels. What are the instruments required for a chain survey. The types of traverse and methods of traversing are. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their. Stretch the chain in the field and drive pegs at 10m, 20m interval. Linear measurement different methods of direct measurement instrument for.
Basic surveying manual michigan technological university. In these surveys, control is achieved by positioning details on the ground which may be identified in images. Traverse, procedures of chain surveying, assignment help. In this training manual, we will discuss primarily the methods used in plane surveying rather.
Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. Surveyors chain the early surveyors chain used the english length of 66 feet. Chain or tape, arrows, pegs, ranging rods, offset rods, laths or whites, plumb bob, cross staff and mallet. Instruments used in chain surveying iamcivilengineer. Network of triangles is selected as these are simple geometrical figures that can be simply plotted along with the measurements of its sides only. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear. Chain survey is the simplest and commonest method used in surveying exercises. Here are the steps to be followed for carrying out chain surveying. Overview of plane surveying chain, compass and plane table, objectives, principles, and classifications. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and.
Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of. Surveying 44 517 1 00 2 chain surveying determined from the length of its sides, if 45 the p. Chain surveying is considered to be the simplest method of surveying in. In chain surveying, the positions of main stations and directions of main survey lines and check lines. Sep 09, 2016 demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work. Viewer has to keep in mind that this video only shows the basics of chain surveying observation in field, it also. May 04, 2017 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. Scope of manual this manual, in general, covers divisionwide surveying policies and procedures and appropriate reference material. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring.
Ce 104 practical surveying sessional lab manual ahsanullah. Before starting survey work, the surveyor should walk over the whole area to be surveyed in order to examine the ground and determine the possible arrangement of framework of survey. Surveying has to do with the determination of the relative spatial location of points on or near the surface of the earth. We hope students all over the world will find it helpful. In some cases, much of the topographic surveying may be undertaken via photogrammetric processes. Field work in chain survey surveying in civil engineering. In this method thelengths of lines marked on the field are measured, while the details are measured byoffsets and ties from these lines. A traverse is a framework of survey lines obtained by connecting a series of survey lines in which the length and direction of survey lines are measured with the help of tape and angle measuring instrument.
The three main obstacles in chaining of a line are of the following types. Set the theodolite at the zero and do the temporary adjustments. Procedures of chain surveying, chain surveying, assignment help. Instruments used in chain survey chain used for surveying. Made to determine the length and direction of land lines and to establish the position of these lines on the ground. Made to establish the horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary points. Compass surveying principles use of prismatic compass, measurement of. Surveying ae aee ace academy handwritten notes pdf free download for assistant engineer and assistant executive engineer government posts exams. Earlier, we discussed principles of chain surveying and the considerations that are taken for carrying out chain surveying in this article, we will discuss various instruments that are essential for carrying out chain surveying. While 66 feet seems unusual, it was used to keep the early chains from being too long and. Chain survey method for performing chain surveying how to. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors 3.